What Happens when you Stretch

"Another reason for holding a stretch for a prolonged period of time is to allow this lengthening reaction to occur, Thus helping the stretched muscle to relax"

I Chose this quote because I am always stretching after sports and before but woudnt hold it for a long time. Now I know that holding it for a long time helps the muscles actually relax and feel better.


"When you perform a sit-up, one would normally assume that the stomach muscles inhibit the contraction of the muscles in the lumbar, or lower, region of the back. In this particular instance however, the back muscles (spinal erectors) also contract. This is one reason why sit-ups are good for strengthening the back as well as the stomach."

This is interesting because I always want to work my back as well as my stomach and I do a lot of sit ups. This told me that now I am working on my back as well because of the spinal erectors contracting as well.

"Some sources suggest that with extensive training, the stretch reflex of certain muscles can be controlled so that there is little or no reflex contraction in response to a sudden stretch."

This is Interesting except that they said its only for extreme performers. It said that it could actually cause injury if used improperly.

Relate and Review:This reading was about what happens when the muscle is getting stretched. Stretching starts with a sacromere which is a basic unit of contractin and ends with lengthened fibers.Proprioceptors are the nerve endings that relay all the info about the muscularskeletal system to the nervous system. When muscles contract they produce tension at the point where muscles is connected to the tendon, where the golgi tendon organ is located.Reciprocal inhibiyion is when an agonist contracts in order to cause the desired notion. It usually forces it to relax. Overall this reading was about the contraction and relaxation and how stretching effects the body.

This unit was mainly about bones, and where they are and how they work and what they do. During this unit we did a few labs, one of which we went from station to station learning the placement of bones and some of there functions and weather they are flat, long or short. My favorite lab was the owl pellet lab where we went through an owls throw up and picked out little bones and placed them in shape to make it into the rodent or bird that the owl ate. The bones were not broken because the owl does not chew its food it just swallows it. Main topics we learned about was the skeletal system, learning that it consist of joints, bones, cartilage, and ligaments. Along with the types of bone cells, Osteocytes which are mature bone cells, bone cells forming which are osteoblast and osteoclast which are bone destroying cells.  Sthe bone types are long bones, short bones, flat bones and irregular bones. Another big topic was disorders of the skeletal system which was mainly spine problems such as scoliosis: abnormal curvature of spine, Kyphosis: spine looks normal but you may develop a hump. Lordosis:Excess curvature of lumbar spine.  My goals in this class are going well, my goal was to maintain a B average or higher and I have about a 86% right now. And for my goal to work really hard in football, that is going really well for me because I just got accepted to play for a travel 7 on 7 team with some of the best players in the bay area.

Owl pellet lab

In this lab we had owl pellets (owl throw up) and disected through them. We picked out the fur, and the bones separately. We had to be very careful because the little bones were fragile. Once we picked the bones out we had to identify what kind of animal it was depending on its bone types. Ours was a rodent not a bird. It was a pocket gopher. We knew because of the tail bone and the skull and teeth. The skull length was between 30-42 mm. The evidence from the packet and our picture shows us that the fact we had a pocket gopher holds true. The human skeleton and the pocket gopher skeleton are similar because they both have a skull. The ribs are similar because of the last two being floating ribs. Humans and rodents also share the Femur, which is the big thigh leg bone. There were also differences in bones,such as the phalanges on the pocket ghoper had claws unlike human phalanges. The rodents have the two front teeth which are sharp for cathing prey called incisors. The rodent also has a much longer tail bone than the one bone involved in the human.

unit 5 refelction

There was lots of things that I learned in this unit. Starting with the digestive system.  there is 6 basic functions to the digestive system. Ingestion, which involves the take in of food by the mouth, than secretion the oozing out of water , acid, or enzymes. Mixing propulsion which is the contractions and relaxations of muscles. than Digestion where the breaking down of the food into small peices happen. Absorbtion is the taking in needed nutrients and defecation. The order food goes down is the mouth to the pharynx, esophagus, stomach , small intestine, (duodenum, jejunum, ileum),  and finaly the large intestine which passes through the cecum, appendix, ascending, transverse, decending, sigmoid colon, rectum than anus. We than learned about the different stages that food has energy extractions from. In stage 1 the large molecules are broken down into smaller ones. Stage 2 is the small molecules are turned into Acetly CoA. Stage 3 is when the food takes common pathways in oxidation of fuel molecules like ETC and the krebs cycle. There is also 3 different states. The fed state is also known ad the absoptive state and occurs difectlt after the meal. The pancreas releases insulin. The fasting state or the post absorptive state is whithin 1 hour of the meal and the insulin levels drops and glucagon rises. Glycogen is converted to glucose in the liver. Gluconeogenesis occurs in this stage and the next stage and it is remember as New Glucose Made.The starvation state is when the muscles rely solely on adipose tissue and the brai uses ketone bodies. Diabetes was an interesting topic for me. I learned about GLUT-4 transporters which are insulin dependent. Exercise increases the production of GLUT-4 because glucose transported into muscle and fat cells are by this. In the endocrine system steroid hormones are lipid soluble unlike non steriod hormones. The pituitary lobe is controlled by the hypothalamus, the posterior lobe is responsible for fluid retentionand contraction of the uterus. The pancreas includes insulin which reduces blood glucose and glucagon increases blood glucose. The kidneys regulate red blood cell production. The Thymus is above the heart and lots of T cells develop here. The tonsils are an aggregation of lymphatic tissue at the ring of the throat. THere are lymph nodes which are bean shaped and it filters the lymph by trapping foreign substances, then destroyed by immune cells. T Cells involve Cellular immunity. B cells involve humoral and nk cells are a nonspecific responce.

There was lots of activities that we did. One being the Zebra notes was interesting and the recent homework we had of us searching for something our self. http://kianscoolblogs.blogspot.com/2016/01/diabetes-type-2.html

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Diabetes (type 2)

http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/type-2/facts-about-type-2.html

I wanted to learn more about diabetes. Mainly type 2, the most common type. Your body does not take insulin properly as we learned in our fuel metabolism unit of diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is treated with a change of lifestyle, oral medications and insulin injections. Type 2 diabetes causes peoples cells to be starved for energy and if not treatd correctly overtime it can effect your eyes, kidneys, nerves, or heart. Another thing i learned from this source is that type 2 diabetes tends to get worse over time. You may not need medications now but later on as you get older you may need it. A Very interesting fact I also read is that type 2 diabetes is more commonly found in African americans, latinos, Native Americans, asian americans and the aged population.

This reading seems credible to me, it has solid information that I have heard before and the page was written by a doctor. The only thing that stood out to me that did not feel right to me was that different races are more immune to it. I believe it to be more of a genetic thing and a way of lifestyle. I feel that if you stay true to the 5 pillars of health it should lower the risk of getting type 2 diabetes.

Digestive System lab

1)  In this lab we used ribbon to measure different parts of our digestive system. Obviously they were not exact measurements because we used body parts to base some of the measurements off of. We than stretch them out along the ceiling and realized how long the digestive system ends up being.

DIGESTIVE ORGAN                                        CM

Mouth                                                              26.8

Esophagus                                                       58.9

Stomach                                                          21.4

Small Intestine                                             752.8

Large Intestine                                             188.5

TOTAL

2) My height in meters is 1.8288. My digestive system is able to fit in my abdomen because it is folded up so many times. Specially the small intestine. Mine was about 738 cm and it was all folded up to be able to be fit in my stomach.

3) I would say that it takes about 6 hours for food to digest. I say this because that is just what I have heard all my life as I was growing up. Online it says that it takes about 6-8 hours for food to digest. How much water you drink can also effect your digestive tract.

4) Digestion is the mechanical and chemical breaking down of food into smaller components that can be absorbed into a blood stream while absorption relates to the small intestine which is the site where most of the nutrients from ingested food are absorbed.

5)  How would fiber help the digestive system?Would it speed it up? What enzymes aid in the digestive system?

Goals

1) My first goal is related to school. I will not get any C's this semester. What i am going to do is, I will change my study habits for some things. In anatomy I am going to raise my test score category by studying more than just one night in advance and do more than just reading through my notes a couple times. I will as well do the same for other classes that I may struggle in.

2) My long term goal is to play college football. To achieve this goal I will do sprints and agility at least 4-5 times a week. On Saturday and Sunday I will work on ball skills. I am going to work as hard as possible to achieve this goal. It is something very important to me to work as hard as I can to reach this level.