Teenagers Take risk's

Primal Teen by Barbara Strauch
Risky Business: Why they do the things they do

This chapter interviewed teenage kids and ask them why they do the stupid things that they do. Many of their answers were just "because it is fun" or "because I wanted to try something new". It says that the risky behavior is normal and even necessary for teens. Parents all think that risk are all one bad thing but they are wrong. Many child Psychologist say that teens need to do some risky business because they need to find out who they are and where they fit in. The level of risk taking is different for every kid and parents need to realize that. This passage also talks about how dopamine works in the brain. It works in the pleasure circuit, when it gets activated we get a good feeling in us. Too much dopamine is possible as well. when Dopamine is over done people get something called a massive bomb attack. Volkow says, "I believe that novelty, risk taking, activates dopamine in humans, no question. That's also the system nature has of telling the organism to pay attention to the new thing, figure out if it is positive or negative. And teenagers, after all, have many more new things to figure out."  Risk taking is not a bad or good thing, it is part of a teenagers life growing up and maturing and can help develop who they become as a person.

Is there a scientific explanation for why , if kids get in trouble for their first risk, why do they keep doing it?

Is it possible to be born with naturally higher levels of dopamine or lower levels of dopamine?

Unit 7 reflection

Going into this unit I really did not have a good understanding of how muscles work and how much they actually do for us. A main topic we learned about was Muscle contractions. We did a stop motion video on this which we drew out the 12 steps involved in muscle contractions. Here is the link to the video. Muscle contraction video . Muscle contraction was a little difficult for me. Mainly just the memorization of all the steps because it is a long proccess. Muscle relaxation has to be a part of this lecture as well. It is a 4 step process and is much simpler. The Impulses pass, the Ca2+ gate closes, than Ca2+ is transported back into sacroplasmic reticulum and than the muscle finally relaxes. Here is a picture to go along with the repeated steps of muscle contractions.

We also learned about muscle twitch. There are three types of muscle twitches which have different features and roles. Slow twitch fibers contract relatively slow and are dependent of oxygen. They have high amounts of myoglobin, mitochondria, and capillaries. They have low amounts of glycogen stored. They are slow to fatigue and are usually red because of all the oxygen they get. Fast twitch(a) Fibers have a high contractile speed, and do not fatigue as easy. They have a high blood flow capacity because they are moving so fast and are white/pale color. Fast twitch (b) Fibers have low blood flow capacity, fast contractile speed and fatigue fast.

The muscular system involves movement, muscle tissue and connective tissue. The functions of muscles involve the movement of bone of fluid, maintain posture and body position, stabalize joints and heat generations. Along with this topic to get a better understanding we did a chicken dissection lab. It was probably one of the most hands on lab we have had all year and was quite interesting. We had to make difficult insitions and mark up the chicken with the parts of its body. That was the most difficult part of the lab. It was a set back as well for us because we had to go back after it was all done and label the parts via phone and label the parts because we initially forgot to do it on the chicken. Here is a link that has pictures and a better understanding of the parts of the chicken. Chicken dissection lab .

The lecture that was most interesting to me was the performance enhancement topic. The reason I found it so interesting is because I am playing sports year round and have seen and know people who take enhancement drugs. I have even been asked myself to take them and am glad I refused. We did a little assignment on google slides where we got to pick a enhancer and list its risk and talk about it. I chose creatine because it is the most common one that I see especially in highschoolers trying to get big and gain muscle and dont know what they are actually doing to their body.

Finally, My year goals are at a peak right now. I have 88 percent in this class and am working really hard to bring it up to an A. I am struggling in math class though and it is bringing my grade down. My goal for math is to have a solid C+ by the end of the year. Sports wise things are going very well. I was just accepted into my travel 7on7 team where we play in many tournaments and are top competetors. We won our first tournament, it was a very long day, we were there from 8 am all the way to 9 pm. I am really excited moving forward and hope to do big things.

-Kian G

Performance enhancement drugs can have a very negative long lasting effect. A performance enhancer is a manufactured product for oral ingestion, intransal application, or inhalation containing compounds that contain a stimulant. They tend to boost athletic performance and build muscle. The risk of it are low sperm count, impotence, enlarged prostate, damaged liver and kidney.

Chicken dissection Analysis

In this lab we had a headless chicken and had to make cuts and insersions. We were given a raw foster farms chicken and had to identify muscles and tendons. The movement occured at the joints. One end was connected to a tendon which attach our muscles to bones. We had clear views of the flexor carpi, ulnaris, and the brachioradalis. These play big roles in the wings. The chicken had massive back muscles. We learned what causes the shin splints and saw it in our chicken The difference is that there is no movement at the origin and at the insersion there is movement because of the contractions. In the chicken the Gastrocenemius is the same as our calf muscle in many ways. It gives the same function and location. ONly thing is that the one in humans is much larger due to proportion. Humans have a rectus femoris which is similar to the chickens  quadreceps femoris. It is flexible and gives a stable walking function. The only difference is the way the muscle bends and contrasts. Another similarity is that chickens and humans both have a very similar deltoid. This is the shoulder bone.

  

                        
         Pectoralis Major:Pull the wing vertically, powering the flight
Pectoralis minor:Long tendon and is distal end runs through shoulder joint  and attaches the dorsal side of humerous
Trapezius: Perpendicular from the backbone to the shoulder of the bird and pull shoulder back
Latissimus Dorsi:Directly distal to the trapezius on the birds and humans back.
Deltiod: Muscle on the center top of the shoulder of both the bird and the human.
Biceps brachii: Cranial side of the upper wing or arm in birds and humans.
Triceps humeralis: Inferior side of the upper wing or or arm. Extends the wing.

Flexor carpi ulnaris: Runs from the back of the elbow to the side of the hand away from the thumb. Flexes the hand.
Brachioradialis: Largest muscle on the superior side closest to alula. Pulls back the hand.
Sartorius: Runs down the front edge of the thigh from the ilium to the knee in birds.
Iliotibialis: Covers the whole lateral side of the thigh in birds. Extends thigh and flexes leg.
Bicep femoris: Medial to the inferior section. It flexes the leg and is used for leg curls in humans.
Semimembranosus: Just inferior and medial to the biceps femoris and defines the caudal edge of the thigh in the bird.
Semitendinosus: It extends the thigh.
Quadreceps femoris: Lies on the inside of the thigh just medial to the sartorius in the bird. Flexes the thigh and extends the lower thigh.
Gastrocnemius: Primary muscle of the dorsal and medial sides of the drumstick. Extends the foot and flexes lower leg.
Peroneus longus: Primary superficial muscle on the lateral side of the drumstick in birds. Extends the foot.
Tibialis anterior: Larger than and directly under the peroneus longus in birds . It is smaller and runs up the lateral side of the lower leg in humans.

What Happens when you Stretch

"Another reason for holding a stretch for a prolonged period of time is to allow this lengthening reaction to occur, Thus helping the stretched muscle to relax"

I Chose this quote because I am always stretching after sports and before but woudnt hold it for a long time. Now I know that holding it for a long time helps the muscles actually relax and feel better.


"When you perform a sit-up, one would normally assume that the stomach muscles inhibit the contraction of the muscles in the lumbar, or lower, region of the back. In this particular instance however, the back muscles (spinal erectors) also contract. This is one reason why sit-ups are good for strengthening the back as well as the stomach."

This is interesting because I always want to work my back as well as my stomach and I do a lot of sit ups. This told me that now I am working on my back as well because of the spinal erectors contracting as well.

"Some sources suggest that with extensive training, the stretch reflex of certain muscles can be controlled so that there is little or no reflex contraction in response to a sudden stretch."

This is Interesting except that they said its only for extreme performers. It said that it could actually cause injury if used improperly.

Relate and Review:This reading was about what happens when the muscle is getting stretched. Stretching starts with a sacromere which is a basic unit of contractin and ends with lengthened fibers.Proprioceptors are the nerve endings that relay all the info about the muscularskeletal system to the nervous system. When muscles contract they produce tension at the point where muscles is connected to the tendon, where the golgi tendon organ is located.Reciprocal inhibiyion is when an agonist contracts in order to cause the desired notion. It usually forces it to relax. Overall this reading was about the contraction and relaxation and how stretching effects the body.