unit 5 refelction

There was lots of things that I learned in this unit. Starting with the digestive system.  there is 6 basic functions to the digestive system. Ingestion, which involves the take in of food by the mouth, than secretion the oozing out of water , acid, or enzymes. Mixing propulsion which is the contractions and relaxations of muscles. than Digestion where the breaking down of the food into small peices happen. Absorbtion is the taking in needed nutrients and defecation. The order food goes down is the mouth to the pharynx, esophagus, stomach , small intestine, (duodenum, jejunum, ileum),  and finaly the large intestine which passes through the cecum, appendix, ascending, transverse, decending, sigmoid colon, rectum than anus. We than learned about the different stages that food has energy extractions from. In stage 1 the large molecules are broken down into smaller ones. Stage 2 is the small molecules are turned into Acetly CoA. Stage 3 is when the food takes common pathways in oxidation of fuel molecules like ETC and the krebs cycle. There is also 3 different states. The fed state is also known ad the absoptive state and occurs difectlt after the meal. The pancreas releases insulin. The fasting state or the post absorptive state is whithin 1 hour of the meal and the insulin levels drops and glucagon rises. Glycogen is converted to glucose in the liver. Gluconeogenesis occurs in this stage and the next stage and it is remember as New Glucose Made.The starvation state is when the muscles rely solely on adipose tissue and the brai uses ketone bodies. Diabetes was an interesting topic for me. I learned about GLUT-4 transporters which are insulin dependent. Exercise increases the production of GLUT-4 because glucose transported into muscle and fat cells are by this. In the endocrine system steroid hormones are lipid soluble unlike non steriod hormones. The pituitary lobe is controlled by the hypothalamus, the posterior lobe is responsible for fluid retentionand contraction of the uterus. The pancreas includes insulin which reduces blood glucose and glucagon increases blood glucose. The kidneys regulate red blood cell production. The Thymus is above the heart and lots of T cells develop here. The tonsils are an aggregation of lymphatic tissue at the ring of the throat. THere are lymph nodes which are bean shaped and it filters the lymph by trapping foreign substances, then destroyed by immune cells. T Cells involve Cellular immunity. B cells involve humoral and nk cells are a nonspecific responce.

There was lots of activities that we did. One being the Zebra notes was interesting and the recent homework we had of us searching for something our self. http://kianscoolblogs.blogspot.com/2016/01/diabetes-type-2.html

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